Comportamento da população em relação aos cuidados com os alimentos durante a pandemia da COVID-19 / Population behavior in relation to food care during the COVID-19 pandemic

Este estudo analisou o conhecimento e comportamento em relação aos cuidados e higiene alimentar antes e durante a pandemia da COVID-19 no Brasil. Os participantes foram recrutados pelas redes sociais para responder um questionário sobre aspectos sociodemográficos, conhecimento sobre coronavírus, isolamento social e recebimento de informações sobre higienização de alimentos e suas embalagens. Participaram da pesquisa 1.061 indivíduos, sendo a maioria do sexo feminino (87%), com até 35 anos (69,9%); 82,8% tinham ou estavam a concluir o ensino superior; e a renda mensal de 63,2% era de até 6 salários mínimos. Sobre a higiene de frutas e hortaliças, 56,59% dos participantes passaram a usar água e sabão durante a pandemia. Quanto a limpeza das embalagens dos alimentos recebidos por delivery, 71,85% dos participantes passaram a limpar as embalagens durante a pandemia. De forma geral, pode-se observar modificações significativas nos cuidados com os alimentos durante a pandemia da COVID-19.

This study during knowledge and behavior in food care and hygiene before and that of COVID-19 in Brazil. Participants were recruited through social networks for respondents on the sociodemographic aspects of the population's knowledge about coronavirus, social isolation and receiving information on hygiene of food and its packaging. A total of 1,061 participated in the survey, the majority being female (87%), aged up to 35 years (69.9%); 8.8% had or 2.8% had higher education; and 63.6% monthly income was up to 6% monthly. Regarding the hygiene of fruits and vegetables, 56.59% of the participants chose soap and water during the. As for cleaning packages received by delivery, 71% of patients choose to clean packages during the pandemic. In general, the pandemic can be considered in the care with food of COVID-19.

The contradictory relationship between security and human rights / La contradictoria relación entre seguridad y derechos humanos / A relação contraditória entre segurança e direitos humanos

Security and human rights have a contradictory relationship. The crux of the problem lies in the tension that exists between the different approaches to security and the protection of human rights in different contexts and periods, in which fear plays a fundamental role. This review article describes how the public security, citizen security and human security perspectives can be manipulated so that they do not fulfil the objective of guaranteeing human rights and citizen freedoms and actually end up promoting the violation or limitation of these. In other words, these approaches exhibit the oppositional logic that states that what is gained in security is lost in rights, a perspective which ignores the dynamics that should accompany democratic regimes, where security is not an end in itself, but rather a means by which the state and its institutions can guarantee the effective enjoyment of human rights and civil liberties.

Entre seguridad y derechos humanos existe una contradictoria relación. El quid del problema radica en la tensión manifiesta entre los enfoques de seguridad ­con el miedo como un elemento fundamental­ y la protección de los derechos humanos en diferentes contextos y periodos. Este artículo de revisión describe cómo la seguridad pública, la seguridad ciudadana y la seguridad humana son perspectivas que pueden ser manipuladas de tal forma que no cumplen con el objetivo de garantizar los derechos humanos y las libertades ciudadanas, sino que terminan promoviendo la violación o limitación de estos. Es decir, se deja en evidencia la lógica contrapuesta que afirma que lo que se gana en seguridad se pierde en derechos, lo que implica ignorar la dinámica que debería acompañar a los regímenes democráticos, donde la seguridad no es un fin en sí misma, sino un medio con el cual el Estado y sus instituciones pueden garantizar el goce efectivo de los derechos humanos y de las libertades ciudadanas.

Existe uma relação contraditória entre segurança e direitos humanos. O cerne do problema está na tensão manifesta entre as abordagens de segurança - com o medo como elemento fundamental - e a proteção dos direitos humanos em diferentes contextos e períodos. Este artigo de revisão descreve como a segurança pública, a segurança cidadã e a segurança humana são perspectivas que podem ser manipuladas de tal forma que não cumprem o objetivo de garantir os direitos humanos e as liberdades do cidadão, mas acabam promovendo a violação ou a limitação desses direitos. Em outras palavras, evidencia-se a lógica oposta que afirma que o que se ganha em segurança se perde em direitos, o que implica ignorar a dinâmica que debe acompanhar os regimes democráticos, nos quais a segurança não é um fim em si mesma, mas um meio pelo qual o Estado e suas instituições podem garantir o gozo efetivo dos direitos humanos e das liberdades civis.

Adesão às recomendações de boas práticas em insulinoterapia: relação com o controle glicêmico / Adherence to good practice recommendations for insulin therapy: relation with glycemic control / Adherencia a las recomendaciones de buenas prácticas en insulinoterapia: relación con el control glucémico

Objetivo: Analisar a relação entre os níveis de adesão às recomendações de boas práticas em insulinoterapia e as métricas de controle glicêmico em pacientes com diabetes mellitus. Métodos: Estudo descritivo, transversal e quantitativo, realizado com 102 pacientes com diabetes mellitus. A coleta de dados ocorreu por meio de entrevista semiestruturada e, em caráter complementar, com dados obtidos dos prontuários. Aplicaram-se quatro instrumentos de coleta: I) formulário de caracterização sociodemográfica e clínica, II) recordatório de orientações sobre insulinoterapia, III) folha de registro da automonitorização da glicemia capilar e IV) formulário de registro das métricas de avaliação do controle glicêmico. Resultados: Houve associação estatística significativa entre nível de não adesão (100%) às recomendações em insulinoterapia e tempo no alvo estimado ≤ 70%, assim como entre 80% de não adesão e desvio padrão ≥ 50 mg/dl. Conclusão: Esses achados validam que a não adesão às recomendações de boas práticas de insulinoterapia contribui para o descontrole glicêmico.

Objective: To analyze the relation between adherence levels to good practice recommendations for insulin therapy and glycemic control metrics in patients with diabetes mellitus. Methods: A descriptive, cross-sectional, quantitative study was conducted with 102 patients with diabetes mellitus. Data were collected by means of semi-structured interviews and complemented by information obtained from medical records. Participants answered four collection instruments: I) a sociodemographic and clinical characterization form, II) a reminder of insulin therapy guidelines, III) a capillary blood glucose self-monitoring record sheet and IV) a record form of glycemic control assessment metrics. Results: Results showed a statistically significant association between non-adherence level (100%) to insulin therapy recommendations with estimated time on target ≤ 70% and between non-adherence (80%) and standard deviation ≥ 50 mg/dl. Conclusion: These findings corroborate that non-adherence to good insulin therapy recommendations contribute to a lack of glycemic control

Objetivo: Analizar la relación entre los niveles de adherencia a las recomendaciones de buenas prácticas en insulinoterapia y las métricas de control glucémico en pacientes con diabetes mellitus. Métodos: estudio descriptivo, transversal y cuantitativo, realizado con 102 pacientes con diabetes mellitus. Para larecolección de datos se utilizaron entrevistas semiestructuradas y, de forma complementaria, se obtuvieron datos de las historias clínicas. Se aplicaron cuatro instrumentos de recolección: I) formulario de caracterización sociodemográfica y clínica, II) recordatorio de pautas de insulinoterapia, III) formulario de autocontrol de glucemia capilar y IV) formulario de registro de métricas de evaluación del control glucémico. Resultados: hubo una asociación estadísticamente significativa entre el nivel de no adherencia (100%) a las recomendaciones de insulinoterapia y el tiempo estimado ≤ 70%; así como entre el 80% de no adherencia y la desviación estándar ≥ 50 mg/dl. Conclusión: estos hallazgos evidencian que la no adherencia a las recomendaciones de buenas prácticas de insulinoterapia contribuye a la falta de control glucémico

Irregularidades registradas durante inspeções sanitárias em restaurantes e similares / Irregularities recorded during sanitary inspections in restaurants and similar

Identificar irregularidades em restaurantes pode auxiliar a minimizar riscos de contaminação. O objetivo desse estudo foi analisar as irregularidades registradas em inspeções sanitárias de restaurantes e similares em Curitiba, Brasil, entre 2005 a 2017. A descrição das irregularidades foi organizada seguindo as categorias e os itens da legislação de Boas Práticas (BP) para serviços de alimentação do Brasil e as cinco chaves para uma alimentação mais segura, definidas pela Organização Mundial da Saúde. Do total de 4.098 registros, houve a descrição de 8.327 irregularidades. Em relação às BP, houve a prevalência da descrição de irregularidades nos anos de 2005, 2006 e 2013, e das categorias: edificações, instalações, equipamentos, móveis e utensílios (42,80%); preparação do alimento (11,54%); documentação e registro (9,92%) e matéria-prima, ingredientes e embalagens (9,06%). Em relação às cinco chaves para uma alimentação mais segura, apenas 3.209 (38,53%) descrições correspondiam a esse tema, com destaque a: manter a limpeza (40,70%) e usar água e matérias-primas seguras (34,71%). Houve uma tendência decrescente na descrição das irregularidades no período estudado, porém ainda é um desafio implementar as BP em restaurantes e similares no Brasil, o que pode favorecer a ocorrência de doenças e aumentar o risco à saúde da população.

Identifying irregularities in restaurants can help minimize contamination risks. The objective of this study was to analyze the irregularities recorded in sanitary inspections of restaurants and similar establishments in Curitiba, Brazil, between 2005 and 2017. The description of the irregularities was categorized following the items and criteria outlined in the Good Practices (GP) legislation for food services of Brazil and the Five Keys to Safer Food, defined by the World Health Organization. Out of the total of 4,098 records, 8,327 irregularities were documented. Concerning GP, there was a prevalence of irregularities described in the years 2005, 2006 and 2013, mainly in the following categories: buildings, installations, equipment, furniture and utensils (42.80%); food preparation (11.54%); documentation and registration (9.92%) and raw materials, ingredients and packaging (9.06%). Regarding the Five Keys to Safer Food, only 3,209 (38.53%) corresponded to this theme, with particular emphasis on maintaining cleanliness (40.70%) and using safe water and raw materials (34.71 %). The study observed a declining trend in the description of irregularities over the study period. However, the successful implementation of GP in restaurants and similar establishments in Brazil remains a challenge, potentially favoring the occurrence of foodborne diseases and increasing the risk to public health.

Median nerve compression at elbow level by a proximal cubital artery pseudoaneurysm: a case report

We describe the case of an 82-year-old man who had recently undergone cardiac surgery (quadruple coronary bypass), who consulted due to the appearance of a necrotic eschar on the thumb of the right index finger, together with paraesthesia and hypoaesthesia in the first 3 fingers of the same hand. An ultrasound scan of the right elbow was performed to rule out involvement of the median nerve and an anechoic, thick-walled mass was found, dependent on the wall of the proximal ulnar artery, compatible with a pseudoaneurysm of the same, compressing the nerve. Electromyography showed an acute lesion of the proximal median nerve and angio-CT confirmed the diagnosis of pseudoaneurysm of the proximal ulnar artery. Pseudoaneurysm is a dilatation by rupture of the arterial wall, which does not involve all three layers of the arterial wall and communicates with the vascular lumen. Its development after vascular manipulation is very rare, and it is uncommon for it to act by compressing a nerve structure. In our case, together with vascular surgery, treatment with intralesional thrombin was decided, with good evolution.

Se describe el caso de un varón de 82 arios intervenido recientemente de cirugía cardíaca (cuádruple bypass coronario), que consulta por aparición de una escara necrótica en el pulpejo del dedo índice derecho, junto a parestesias e hipoestesias en los tres primeros dedos de dicha mano. Se realiza una ecografía del codo derecho para descartar afectación del nervio mediano y se objetiva una masa anecoica, de paredes engrosadas, dependientes de la pared de la arteria cubital proximal, compatible con pseudoaneurisma de esta, que comprime dicho nervio. En la electromiografía se evidencia una lesión aguda del nervio mediano a nivel proximal y en el angio-TC se confirma el diagnóstico de pseudoaneurisma de la arteria cubital proximal. El pseudoaneurisma es una dilatación por rotura de la pared arterial, que no implica a las tres capas de esta y se comunica con la luz vascular. Su desarrollo tras una manipulación vascular es muy infrecuente y que actúe comprimiendo una estructura nerviosa es poco común. En nuestro caso, conjuntamente con cirugía vascular se decidió tratamiento con trombina intralesional, con buena evolución.

Restrição do movimento da coluna: uma análise do conhecimento dos profissionais de enfermagem / Restricted movement of the spine: an analysis of the knowledge of nursing professionals / Restricción del movimiento de la columna vertebral: un análisis del conocimiento de los profesionales de enfermería

RESUMO: Objetivo: Analisar o conhecimento de profissionais de enfermagem sobre restrição do movimento da coluna em vítimas de trauma e descrever a tomada de decisão. Método: Estudo exploratório, descritivo, quali-quantitativo. Realizou-se entrevista semiestruturada com 27 profissionais de enfermagem de serviços de emergência hospitalar e pré-hospitalar em São Leopoldo, Brasil, em março de 2022. Os dados foram analisados por estatística descritiva e análise de conteúdo. Resultados: 48% dos profissionais tinham conhecimento quanto às recomendações atuais; a maioria atuantes no pré-hospitalar. A cervicalgia/lombalgia foi a indicação predominante. Na categoria "a tomada de decisão e a transição do cuidado", identificou-se falta de padronização nas condutas do intra-hospitalar, enfatizando a importância da sequência no atendimento e confiança entre profissionais. Considerações finais: Identificou-se pouca apropriação das equipes do intra-hospitalar sobre as atuais evidências, falta de padronização nas condutas e dificuldades na transição do cuidado entre os serviços.

ABSTRACT Objective: To analyze nursing professionals' knowledge about restricting spinal movement in trauma victims and describe their decision-making. Method: An exploratory, descriptive, qualitative-quantitative study. A semi-structured interview was conducted with 27 nursing professionals from hospital and pre-hospital emergency services in São Leopoldo, Brazil, in March 2022. The data was analyzed using descriptive statistics and content analysis. Results: 48% of the professionals knew the current recommendations; most worked in pre-hospital care. Cervicalgia/lumbago was the predominant indication. In the category "decision making and the transition of care", a lack of standardization in in-hospital conduct was identified, emphasizing the importance of sequence in care and trust between professionals. Final considerations: It was found that in-hospital teams had little knowledge of the current evidence, a lack of standardization in procedures, and difficulties in the transition of care between services.

RESUMEN Objetivo: Analizar los conocimientos de los profesionales de enfermería sobre la restricción del movimiento de la columna vertebral en víctimas de traumatismos y describir su toma de decisiones. Método: Un estudio exploratorio, descriptivo, cualitativo-cuantitativo. Se realizó una entrevista semiestructurada a 27 profesionales de enfermería de los servicios de urgencias hospitalarios y prehospitalarios de São Leopoldo, Brasil, en marzo de 2022. Los datos se analizaron mediante estadística descriptiva y análisis de contenido. Resultados: El 48% de los profesionales conocía las recomendaciones actuales; la mayoría de ellos trabajaba en atención prehospitalaria. La cervicalgia/lumbago fue la indicación predominante. En la categoría "toma de decisiones y transición de los cuidados", se detectó una falta de normalización en la conducta intrahospitalaria, lo que subraya la importancia de la secuencia en los cuidados y la confianza entre los profesionales. Consideraciones finales: Se identificó que los equipos intrahospitalarios tenían escaso conocimiento de las evidencias actuales, que había una falta de normalización en los procedimientos y dificultades en la transición de la atención entre los servicios.

Discussion on the factors influencing the curative effect of Tuina (Chinese massage) / 国际中医中药杂志

Tuina (Chinese massage) is an important part of Traditional Chinese Medicine. It is a simple and inexpensive technique, and has shown effectiveness for muscle and bone diseases, visceral diseases, gynecological diseases, and common diseases in children. This paper aims to analyze the factors influencing the effects of Tuina. The factors included the aspects of diagnosis, treatment, prognosis, patient factors and doctor-patient communication. During the treatment of Tuina, doctors should carry out good doctor-patient communication, properly evaluate and exam patients, and clarify diagnosis, take appropriate Tuina techniques according to the patients' constitution, health condition, and comorbidity. Only in such way, could Tuina achieve effectiveness and safety.

Effects of different time point rolling massager on inflammation in rabbits with skeletal muscle injury / 国际中医中药杂志

Objective:To observe the effects of rolling method massager on local tissue morphology, tissue and serum TNF-α and IL-1β in rabbits with skeletal muscle injury at different time points; To investigate the mechanism of temporal effect of rolling method action on skeletal muscle injury.Methods:Totally 72 New Zealand rabbits were divided into blank group, model group and rolling method treatment group according to random number table method, with 24 rabbits in each group. Rabbits in each group were divided into 1 d, 3 d, 5 d, 7 d, 9 d and 11 d subgroups according to the time point of injury, with 4 rabbits in each group. Blunt contusion was used to model the model group and the rolling method treatment group. Each subgroup of the rolling method treatment group was subjected to rolling method intervention for 3 d, using a homemade rolling method massager, 2 times/d, 3 min/time. At 24 h after the completion of the intervention, the histomorphological changes were observed by HE staining, and the TNF-α and IL-1β contents in serum and damaged skeletal muscle tissues were detected by ELISA.Results:Compared with the blank group, the inflammatory cell infiltration in the model group was obvious, edema was severe, and myofibers were broken; the inflammatory cell infiltration in the 1 d rolling method treatment group was intensified, myocytes were apoptotic, and myofibers were broken and necrosed more seriously; the inflammation in the 7 d rolling method treatment group was obviously improved with the best effect, and the difference with normal healthy muscle tissue was smaller. After modeling, TNF-α and IL-1β levels in skeletal muscle tissues and serum TNF-α levels were higher in the 3 d model group than in the 1 d model group ( P<0.05). Compared with the blank group, TNF-α and IL-1β levels in skeletal muscle tissues and serum increased in each subgroup of the model group and each subgroup of the rolling method treatment group ( P<0.01); Compared with the 1 d model group, TNF-α and IL-1β levels in skeletal muscle tissues and serum TNF-α levels increased in the 1 d rolling method treatment group. The levels of TNF-α and IL-1β in the 3 d, 5 d, 7 d, 9 d and 11 d rolling method treatment group were lower than those in the model group subgroup ( P<0.05). TNF-α and IL-1β levels in skeletal muscle tissues and serum TNF-α levels were higher in the 1 d, 3 d and 5 d rolling method treatment group than in the 7 d rolling method treatment group ( P<0.05). TNF-α levels in skeletal muscle tissues were higher in the 1 d and 3 d rolling method treatment group than in the 7 d rolling method treatment group ( P<0.05). Conclusion:The inflammatory factors in the rolling treated group were significantly higher at 1 d after skeletal muscle injury, indicating that treatment with the rolling method was inappropriate at this time; seven days after injury, the application of rolling method can reduce the inflammatory effect, accelerate the repair of skeletal muscle, and improve the quality of functional recovery.

Application of intelligent robot system in teaching cervical spine manipulation / 国际生物医学工程杂志

Objective:To explore the application effect of an intelligent teaching robot system of lifting manipulation in cervical spine manipulation teaching.Methods:60 doctors were randomly divided into an experimental group ( n = 30) and a control group ( n = 30). The control group was taught by a certified chief physician using a combination of "PowerPoint presentations, video demonstrations, and operation demonstrations" . Each part is 5 min. The experimental group was taught by the intelligent teaching robot system with a spinning technique. The teaching time is 15 min for both groups. At the end of the two teaching sessions, the two groups were trained five times under different BMIs and passed the system assessment. The qualified rates of pre-traction force, lifting and pulling force, maximum force, pre-traction time, lifting and pulling time, rotation amplitude, and pitch amplitude were compared between the two groups. Results:In normal, there was significant differences between the qualified rates of pre-traction force, lifting and pulling force, maximum force, pre-traction time, lifting and pulling time, rotation amplitude, and pitch amplitude in two groups (all P<0.05). For overweight people, there were significant differences in pre-traction force, pulling force, maximum force, and rotation amplitude (all P <0.05), while there were no significant differences in pre-traction time, pulling time, or pitching amplitude (all P >0.05). In obesity, there were significant differences in pre-traction force, lifting and pulling force, maximum force, and pitch amplitude (all P <0.05), but no significant differences in pre-traction time, lifting and pulling time, or rotation amplitude (all P >0.05). Conclusions:The proposed system can improve the pass rate of spinning manipulation, especially by effectively controlling the pre-traction force, pulling force, and maximum force.

The Awareness, Practice and Perception of InstrumentAssisted Soft Tissue Mobilization (IASTM) among Malaysian Physiotherapists

@#Introduction: Instrument-assisted soft tissue mobilization (IASTM) is a relatively recent method that has been shown to help reduce muscular tension, increase flexibility and prevent tissue adhesion. Nevertheless, there is a paucity of awareness and knowledge about the benefits of IASTM, especially following injury rehabilitation, despite its many advantages. The study aimed to investigate the awareness, practice and perception of instrument- assisted soft tissue mobilization (IASTM) among Malaysian physiotherapists (PTs). Methods: The cross-sectional study included 133 PTs who answered an online questionnaire via a google link on their awareness and perception of IASTM in their practice. The Google link was given to the participants through email and the official Malaysian Physiotherapy (MPA) social media group. Results: Majority of the respondents (73.7%) are aware of IASTM technique. Despite being aware on IASTM, 74.4% of respondents reported not practicing the technique. Furthermore, 73.7% of respondents stated that the main reason they don’t practice is because fingers have better force adjustment than IASTM. Over 80% of respondents revealed that practicing IASTM can save energy and convenient during myofascial release. Moreover, 82.7 % of respondents stated that one of the benefits of IASTM for PTs is that it helps alleviate stress on fingers and wrists during soft tissue mobilization. Beyond 55% of respondents stated that they will incorporate IASTM in practice in near future. Conclusion: According to the findings, the majority of Malaysian physiotherapists are aware of the IASTM. However, fewer than half of respondents declined to incorporate it into their future practice due to the PTs preference for feeling the patient’s muscle texture. More emphasis can be given to the IASTM techniques among the PTs as the participants have mentioned that IASTM has better force exertion and saves energy when applying soft tissue massage.

Kinematic and Dynamic Study on Traditional Chinese Cervical Manipulation / 医用生物力学

Objective To simultaneously collect and analyze the kinematic and dynamic parameters for two techniques of traditional Chinese cervical manipulation ( TCCM), and quantitatively describe its biomechanical characteristics. Methods A senior practitioner completed the TCCM (positioning and directional rotation pulling, lateral flexion, respectively) on 10 healthy subjects, and the fluorescent marker balls were pasted on the operator to capture manipulation movements. The dynamic parameters and the surface electromyography ( sEMG) signals were collected by pressure-sensitive gloves and wireless sEMG acquisition system. Results The upper arm muscle was the main force muscle during TCCM, and biceps brachii had the highest contribution rate. The range of motion (ROM), speed, pulling force, and time during cervical spine positioning and directional rotation pulling were all greater than those during cervical spine lateral flexion. The integrate electromyography ( iEMG) and root mean square (RMS) for each muscle of the operator during cervical spine positioning and directional rotation pulling were higher than those during cervical spine lateral flexion. Conclusions The overall ROM, three-dimensional (3D) motion angle, load intensity and time during CCTM have the characteristics of high speed, low amplitude and strong force, reflecting the biomechanical characteristics of ‘ cunjin ’ ( one-inch punch ) in traditional Chinese medicine. This study provides references for further standardizing manual teaching and training and improving clinical safety.

The Action Effect of Two Kinds of Lumbar Massage Obliquity Manipulation with Different Lumbar Degeneration Degrees: A Comparative Study / 医用生物力学

Objective To compare the action effect of traditional and modified lumbar massage obliquity manipulation with different degrees of lumbar degeneration. Methods The biomechanical model of quality-spring-damping system lumbar spine was established and massage forces from professional massage doctors were collected. The force was used as input of the model, and lumbar degeneration was simulated by increasing elastic coefficient of the spring and damping coefficient of the damping in the model. By using MATLAB/ Simulink simulation technology, the effects of massage obliquity manipulation ( the maximum relative displacement and maximum acceleration) with different degrees of lumbar degeneration were obtained for comparative analysis.Results When the lumbar spine was degenerative, the maximum relative displacement and maximum acceleration of each segment were obtained under two manipulations. With the increase of lumbar degenerationdegree, the maximum relative displacement and maximum acceleration of each segment under two manipulations showed a downward trend, and the attenuation rate of the maximum relative displacement and maximum acceleration of each segment under two manipulations was obtained. Conclusions When degenerative changes in the spine do not occur, the effectiveness of traditional lumbar massage obliquity manipulation is slightly better than that of modified lumbar massage obliquity manipulation, but the safety of modified lumbar massage obliquity manipulation is obviously better than that of the traditional lumbar massage obliquity manipulation, so the modified lumbar massage obliquity manipulation should be used. With the aggravation of lumbar degeneration, the action effects of two manipulations are attenuated in a power function. The attenuation rate of effectiveness of modified lumbar massage obliquity manipulation is significantly faster than that of traditional lumbar massage obliquity manipulation, indicating that the modified lumbar massage obliquity manipulation should not be used in the caseof lumbar degeneration.

Tools for large-scale genetic manipulation of yeast genome / 生物工程学报

Large-scale genetic manipulation of the genome refers to the genetic modification of large fragments of DNA using knockout, integration and translocation. Compared to small-scale gene editing, large-scale genetic manipulation of the genome allows for the simultaneous modification of more genetic information, which is important for understanding the complex mechanisms such as multigene interactions. At the same time, large-scale genetic manipulation of the genome allows for larger-scale design and reconstruction of the genome, and even the creation of entirely new genomes, with great potential in reconstructing complex functions. Yeast is an important eukaryotic model organism that is widely used because of its safety and easiness of manipulation. This paper systematically summarizes the toolkit for large-scale genetic manipulation of the yeast genome, including recombinase-mediated large-scale manipulation, nuclease-mediated large-scale manipulation, de novo synthesis of large DNA fragments and other large-scale manipulation tools, and introduces their basic working principles and typical application cases. Finally, the challenges and developments in large-scale genetic manipulation are presented.

Development and application of a rapid gene manipulating toolbox for Pseudomonas aeruginosa / 生物工程学报

Manipulation of genes, including knock-out or knock-in, replacement of gene elements (such as promoters), fusion with a fluorescent protein gene, and construction of in situ gene reporter, is required in most of the biotechnological laboratories. The widely used gene manipulating methods based on two-step allelic exchange are cumbersome in terms of constructing plasmids, transforming and screening. In addition, the efficiency of using this method for long fragment knockout is low. To simplify the process of gene manipulation, we constructed a minimized integrative vector pln2. When a gene needs to be inactivated, an internal fragment of the target gene (non-frameshift) is cloned into the pln2 plasmid. Once the single-crossover recombination between genome and the constructed plasmid occurs, the endogenous gene is segmented by the plasmid backbone and thus inactivated. We developed a toolbox based on pln2 that can be used for different genomic operation mentioned above. With the help of this toolbox, we successfully knocked out large fragments of 20-270 kb.

Review of closed reduction techniques for femoral neck fracture / 中国骨伤

For patients with femoral neck fractures who plan to undergo internal fixation, satisfied alignment of fracture ends is an important prerequisite for internal fixation stability and fracture healing. There are many reports on the reduction methods of displaced femoral neck fractures, which can be summarized into three categories:First, the solely longitudinal traction of lower limbs, supplemented by other manipulations such as rotation and compression; Second, the resultant force formed by the longitudinal traction of lower limbs and the lateral traction;the third is accomplished by vertical traction in the axis of femur with hip joint flexed. Each reduction method has its own advantages, but no single method can be applied to all fracture displacement. In this paper, some classical reduction techniques in the literatures are briefly reviewed. It is hoped that clinicians will not be limited to a certain reduction method, they should analyze the injury mechanism and fracture displacement process according to the morphology features and flexibly select targeted reduction methods to improve the success rate of closed reduction of femoral neck fracture.

The Short-term Effectiveness of Three Manipulations for Atlantoaxial Joint Disorders and the Effects on Surface Electromyography of Sternocleidomastoid Muscle / 中医杂志

ObjectiveTo compare the short-term effectiveness of the three different manipulations for atlantoaxial joint disorders and their effects on surface electromyography of sternocleidomastoid muscle. MethodsNinty patients with atlantoaxial joint disorders were randomly divided into the tendon relaxing manipulation group， the tendon relaxing plus rehabilitation manipulation group， and the conventional manipulation group， with 30 cases in each group， and each group of patients received the corresponding manipulation treatment for 2 weeks. The changes of visual analogue score （VAS） of occipital neck pain， evaluation scale for cervical vertigo （ESCV）， and averaged electromyography （AEMG） of surface electromyography of bilateral sternocleidomastoid muscles before and after the treatment were observed， and the clinical effectiveness and safety of the patients were compared among groups. ResultsThe VAS scores of patients in each group decreased， and the ESCV scores increased after treatment （P＜0.01）， and the tendon relaxing manipulation group and the tendon relaxing plus rehabilitation manipulation group were significantly better than the conventional manipulation group （P＜0.01）. The AEMG of the bilateral sternocleidomastoid muscles of the three groups increased after treatment （P＜0.01）； when compared among the three groups， the AEMG of the bilateral sternocleidomastoid muscles of the tendon relaxing plus rehabilitation manipulation group was higher than that of the tendon relaxing manipulation group， and the tendon relaxing manipulation group was higher than that of the conventional manipulation group （P＜0.05 or P＜0.01）. The cure and markedly effective rates of the tendon relaxing manipulation group， the tendon relaxing plus rehabilitation manipulation group， and the conventional manipulation group were 56.67%， 86.67%， and 36.67% respectively， showing statistically difference （K=10.21， P＜0.01）. ConclusionThe tendon relaxing manipulation and tendon relaxing plus rehabilitation manipulation can effectively improve the symptoms of vertigo， headache， and neck pain for patients with atlantoaxial joint disorders， and can improve the contraction function of sternocleidomastoid muscle， whose effectiveness are better than that of conventional manipulation.

Effects of tendon-regulating and stretching manipulation combined with JIN's three-needle therapy for the shoulder on pain and shoulder joint function in subacromial impingement syndrome / 针灸推拿医学（英文版）

Objective: To observe the effects of tendon-regulating and stretching manipulation plus JIN's three-needle therapy for the shoulder on pain and shoulder joint function in subacromial impingement syndrome (SIS). Methods: Eighty patients with SIS were recruited and divided into a control group and a treatment group by the random number table method, with 40 cases in each group. The control group was given JIN's three-needle therapy for the shoulder, and the treatment group received additional tendon-regulating and stretching manipulation. The visual analog scale (VAS) score and constant-Murley score (CMS) were observed before and after the intervention, and the total effective rate was also observed. Results: The total effective rate was 92.5％ in the treatment group versus 70.0％ in the control group, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). The VAS score and CMS changed notably after treatment in both groups (P<0.05), and the improvements were markedly greater in the treatment group than in the control group (P<0.05). Conclusion: Tendon-regulating and stretching manipulation plus JIN's three-needle therapy for the shoulder can facilitate the relief of pain and the improvement of shoulder joint function in SIS patients.

Immediate effect of small-angle Tui-Pushing and An-Pressing anti-rotation bone-setting manipulation in improving the treatment of braces for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis / 针灸推拿医学（英文版）

Objective: To observe the immediate effect of small-angle Tui-Pushing and An-Pressing anti-rotation bone-setting manipulation in improving the correction of braces for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis. Methods: A total of 50 cases of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis were selected and given brace correction first. The whole spine anteroposterior and lateral radiographs were taken, the Cobb angle was measured, and the visual analog scale (VAS) score of pain caused by brace wearing was recorded. After removal of the brace, small-angle Tui-Pushing and An-Pressing anti-rotation bone-setting manipulation was performed once. After treatment, the same brace was put on again to take a whole spine anteroposterior radiograph, the Cobb angle was measured, and the VAS score was recorded. The changes in Cobb angle and VAS score after manipulation were compared, and the immediate efficacy was evaluated. Results: After the manipulation, the Cobb angle was significantly smaller than that before treatment (P<0.01) and the VAS score was significantly lower than that before treatment (P<0.01). Conclusion: Small-angle Tui-Pushing and An-Pressing anti-rotation bone-setting manipulation can improve the immediate efficacy of brace in treating adolescent idiopathic scoliosis and relieve the pain caused by brace wearing at the same time.

Tendon manipulation based on meridian tendon theory can improve the treatment of knee osteoarthritis / 中华物理医学与康复杂志

Objective:To observe any effect of tendon manipulation on the joint pain, joint motion and gait of persons with knee osteoarthritis (KOA).Methods:Sixty-one KOA patients were randomly divided into an observation group ( n=31) and a control group ( n=30). Both groups received ultrasonic physiotherapy and exercise trai-ning (including quadriceps femoris training and heel raising training), while the observation group was additionally provided with daily tendon manipulation, five times a week for 3 weeks. Before and after the treatment, knee pain (using a visual analog scale (VAS)), motor function (using the Western Ontario and McMaster University (WOMAC) osteoarthritis index scale), step length, gait speed and the double support phase ratio were evaluated in both groups using three-dimensional gait analysis equipment. Results:After the treatment the average VAS scores, as well as the joint pain, stiffness and dysfunction and the total WOMAC scores of both groups had decreased significantly. There was significant improvement in the average stride length, walking speed and the proportion of double support phase among the observation group, and the latter two measurements had also improved significantly in the control group. After the intervention, the average pain, WOMAC scores and gait descriptors of the observation group were significantly superior to the control group′s results.Conclusion:Tendon manipulation can usefully supplement routine rehabilitation in the treatment of KOA, improving walking efficiency and thus life quality.

Avaliação dos parâmetros de qualidade físico-químicos de creme-géis à base de ácido hialurônico adquiridos em farmácias magistrais do município de Campo Grande-MS / Evaluation of the physicochemical quality parameters of cream-gels based on hyaluronic acid purchased in compounding pharmacies in the city of Campo Grande-MS / Evaluación de parámetros de calidad fisicoquímica de geles-crema a base de ácido hialurónico adquiridos en farmacias magistrales de la ciudad de Campo Grande-MS

RESUMO Introdução: ao longo dos anos, a busca pela melhora do autocuidado estendeu-se às farmácias com manipulação, onde o cosmético pode ser manipulado de acordo com as preferências de cada indivíduo. Dessa forma, é necessário prover a estabilidade para cada produto manipulado, garantindo que um cosmético seguro e eficaz será dispensado. O ácido hialurônico é um ativo que tem se tornado popular devido à sua capacidade de realizar a manutenção da elasticidade da pele e exercer função hidratante, além de atuar na redução de linhas de expressão. Objetivo: analisar a qualidade de dermocosméticos manipulados a base de ácido hialurônico de diferentes farmácias com manipulação no município de Campo Grande-MS, através de análises laboratoriais físico-químicas e de rotulagem. Material e métodos: quatro amostras de creme-gel à base de ácido hialurônico 5% foram adquiridas em farmácias magistrais, e realizadas as seguintes análises de controle de qualidade: análise organoléptica, determinação de pH, densidade, teste de centrífuga, espalhabilidade e análise de rotulagem. Resultados: em relação às análises, os resultados obtidos foram satisfatórios. A análise organoléptica, o teste de centrifugação e de espalhabilidade se encontraram dentro dos padrões estipulados; porém, destaca-se o ensaio de densidade, em que duas amostras obtiveram valores abaixo do estipulado; e para a análise de rótulos, nenhum produto continha lista de componentes da formulação. Conclusão: ao final das análises, pode ser apontado que os produtos apresentaram desempenho satisfatório em grande parte dos testes propostos e são uma opção segura, de boa qualidade e custo acessível ao público.

SUMMARY Introduction: Over the years, the search for improving self-care has extended to compound pharmacy, where the cosmetic can be manipulated according to the preferences of each person. Thus, it is necessary to provide stability for each product handled, ensuring that a safe and effective cosmetic will be dispensed. Hyaluronic acid is an active that has become popular due to its ability to maintain skin elasticity and exert a moisturizing function, in addition to acting in the reduction of fine lines. Aim: To analyze the quality of cosmetics manipulated with the active ingredient of Hyaluronic Acid from different compound pharmacies in the city of Campo Grande-MS, through physical-chemical laboratory analysis and labeling. Material and methods: Four samples of 5% hyaluronic acid-based cream-gel were acquired from master pharmacies, and the following quality control analyzes were carried out: organoleptic analysis, pH determination, density, centrifuge test, spreadability and labeling analysis. Results: Regarding the analyses, the results obtained were satisfactory. The organoleptic analysis, the centrifugation test and the spreadability were within the stipulated standards; however, the density test stands out, in which two samples obtained results below the stipulated; and for label analysis, no product contained a list of formulation components. Conclusion: At the end of the analyses, it can be pointed out that the products presented satisfactory performance in most of the proposed tests and are a safe option, of good quality and accessible to the public.

RESUMEN Introducción: a lo largo de los años, la búsqueda por mejorar el autocuidado se ha extendido a las farmacias, donde los cosméticos pueden ser manipulados según las preferencias de cada individuo. Por lo tanto, es necesario proporcionar estabilidad a cada producto manipulado, asegurando que se dispensará un cosmético seguro y eficaz. El ácido hialurónico es un activo que se ha popularizado por su capacidad para mantener la elasticidad de la piel e hidratarla, además de actuar para reducir las líneas de expresión. Objetivo: analizar la calidad de los dermocosméticos manipulados a base de ácido hialurónico de diferentes farmacias en Campo Grande-MS, mediante análisis de laboratorio físico-químico y marcaje. Material y métodos: se adquirieron en farmacias magistrales cuatro muestras de crema-gel a base de ácido hialurónico al 5%, y se realizaron los siguientes análisis de control de calidad: análisis organoléptico, determinación de pH, densidad, prueba de centrifugación, untabilidad y análisis de marcaje. Resultados: en cuanto a los análisis, los resultados obtenidos fueron satisfactorios. Las pruebas de análisis organoléptico, centrifugado y untabilidad estuvieron dentro de los estándares estipulados, sin embargo, se destaca la prueba de densidad, en la que dos muestras obtuvieron valores por debajo del valor estipulado y para el análisis de etiquetas, ningún producto contenía una lista de componentes de la formulación. Conclusión: los productos se desempeñaron satisfactoriamente en la mayoría de las pruebas propuestas y son una opción segura, con buena calidad y su costo accesible al público.